研究资助提案选项
拨款提案选项是一半学分, one-semester exercise that requires you to write a research grant proposal like those that practicing biologists submit to granting agencies. Such a proposal explains the exact nature of the problem and sets it within the context of work already accomplished in the field in order to explain why the problem is an interesting and important one to study. 提案接着概述了, 相当详细地, 如果你真的要进行这项研究，你会使用的方法. We expect you to put in an effort throughout the semester equivalent to that of a regular, 半学分课程.
The 研究补助金申请 option will give you an opportunity to demonstrate several important scientific tools: familiarity with the current knowledge of a particular field; the ability to distinguish between an important question and a trivial one; familiarity with the scientific method and the tools used in a particular field, including their advantages and their limitations; the ability to generate a testable hypothesis and to design a series of experiments to test it. The final draft of your proposal should describe a series of experiments that would take you 2-3 years of 全职 努力执行.
公共演讲
All research grant proposal thesis students are required to deliver a public presentation to students and faculty in a forum at the end of the Spring Semester, 通常在每堂课的最后一个星期五举行.
如何写你的拨款申请论文
你的奖助金计划书必须包括以下部分:
Title
一个好的标题是简短而有信息量的. 试着概括研究主题和目标.e. 你的论文是关于什么的. 在论文题目中不宜使用幽默.
摘要
You should begin your proposal with a half page statement of your research question and the hypothesis (or hypotheses) that you are going to test, followed by a brief description of the approach you will take to test your hypotheses experimentally.
介绍
导论包括对整个领域的介绍，a 评论 of the work that has already been carried out in the field and a definition of the question you propose to investigate. You should state your research question clearly and explicitly at the beginning of this section so your readers have a context for the review. Critically discuss the background information relevant 到 problem you have chosen to study, emphasizing why this problem is scientifically interesting and worth investigating experimentally. You should not merely state the conclusions of the work you are reviewing; instead, 简要描述实验情况, 实际结果(尽可能以定量方式), 然后评估结果的意义. 你同意对结果的解释吗? 调查人员是否使用了最合适的方法来解决他们的问题? 这个文献回顾部分应该从一般术语开始, 逐渐变得更加专注, and ultimately lead the reader 到 (inevitable) conclusion that we need to know the answer 到 question you have posed. 你需要为你的假设提供基本原理，1.e.你是如何得到它们的. 还记得, a hypothesis is a statement of principle that allows one to predict results of specific experiments. 假设不是预测. The relevance of the background information to your research question and hypotheses should be made clear throughout this entire section.
实验部分
The 实验部分 contains a detailed description of the procedures you will use to test your hypothesis, 这样你的读者可以在必要时复制你的实验. If the proposal involves field research, you address where you will work, on what organisms, and why. 你们要做什么样的观察，做什么样的实验? 如果提案涉及实验室工作，你将使用什么实验程序?
充分详细地描述你的实验，以便能准确地重复. 你们要做什么对照实验? 你将如何衡量或量化你的结果? What difficulties do you anticipate with your experimental design or other aspects of the project, 你怎么处理这些? 如果统计处理是合适的，你会应用哪一个，为什么? 以确保你的建议是可行的, try to design your proposal so that you are discussing methods and techniques with which you are familiar and that you could carry out in a typical laboratory/field setting. 如果相关, all experiments must comply with federal and college guidelines that regulate the use of humans and animals as research subjects.
预测结果组
对于你选择的每个实验方法, you must state what specific results you expect to obtain in order to conclude that your hypothesis is supported and how you would interpret results other than those you expect. This section is critical to convincing your readers that you have designed an experimental protocol that will lead to a successful test of your hypothesis, 生成清晰可解释的数据，从中你可以得出强有力的结论.
Note: You may find it appropriate to combine the Experimental and Expected Results sections. 这是一种可接受的格式.
讨论/意义
根据你所期望的实验结果, 从这些数据中你能得出什么结论? 有哪些可能的替代解释?你如何区分它们? 最后，你需要讨论你的发现对你的研究领域的意义. 这并不意味着, 然而, 你有义务将你所做的直接与生物医学研究联系起来.] Indicate how your research has moved the knowledge in your field of study forward in a significant way. In this section you relate the results of your work 到 general body of knowledge you described and assessed in the 介绍. 换句话说, 你又回到了原点, relating what your work has revealed 到 state of knowledge when you began your project.
你在这些课程中的最终成绩将被评估为至少一个绩点, and depending upon circumstances a penalty of up to one grade point per day (weekends included) when deadlines for 下列任一项 遗漏:合同提交、进度报告、初稿和终稿. 所有截止日期为指定日期下午5点. 如果这些截止日期有任何变化，我们会提前通知你.
你在这些课程中的最终成绩将被评估为至少一个绩点, and depending upon circumstances a penalty of up to one grade point per day (weekends included) when deadlines for 下列任一项 遗漏:合同提交、进度报告、初稿和终稿. 所有截止日期为指定日期下午5点. 如果这些截止日期有任何变化，我们会提前通知你.
研究经费提案论文的截止日期
| 截止日期项 | 2014年秋季 | 2015年春季 |
|---|---|---|
| 1) 合同提交 after obtaining the signature of one reader and listing three additional faculty who could be potential readers, 提交已签署的合同, 摘要, 和参考文献清单. Karnovsky. | 稍后通知 | 稍后通知 |
| 2)提交 完整的草案*整个研究计划, 包括对你的研究问题的清晰陈述, 文献综述, 实验的程序, 预期结果及讨论. 向每位读者提交一份. 这篇初稿的成绩将占你这门课程最终成绩的50%. | 稍后通知 | 稍后通知 |
| 3)提交 最终**修订版 整个提案. The grade received will be averaged with the grade received for the 完整的草案 earlier in the semester to give the final grade for the course. | 稍后通知 | 稍后通知 |
| 4)练习演讲. 读者将帮助你指导如何准备你的演讲. | 稍后通知 | 稍后通知 |
| 5) 公共演讲. 在演讲、庆祝和手印之后. | 稍后通知 | 稍后通知 |
* A 完整的草案 是一件完成的作品吗. 这不是一个草稿. 此外，您还需要证明从的显著改进 完整的草案 到 最终修订版本. Such improvement should go beyond simply addressing reader comments; a global revision is required. 因此, 完整的草稿将被评为“正在进行的工作”。, 同时考虑到文件的质量和改进的潜力. 这篇草稿的成绩占你最终成绩的50%. 如果没有充分的改进 最终修订版本，你在生物课191的分数会低于在考试中收到的分数 完整的草案.
** Turn in one copy for each reader and a CD containing your thesis in Word or pdf format for the 生物系 archives. You must turn in the 完整的草案s, with the reader's comments, when you turn in the final draft. Please remember to put page numbers on ALL written material given to readers for feedback.